dePaving a Greener Denver

Project Overview

In 2025, DOTI's Division of Green Infrastructure (DGI) is leading the dePaving a Greener Denver (dePave) effort in close collaboration with other city agencies and key community partners. The main purpose is to identify community-centered strategies for reducing impervious cover across the city—while also communicating the importance of healthier watersheds and green infrastructure.

Why Impervious Cover Matters?

What is "impervious cover?"

Impervious cover is any built surface that prevents water from seeping or being absorbed into the ground. Impervious cover includes driveways, sidewalks, roofs, patios, pools, parking lots, and other areas of pavement. You might also see or hear this called impermeable.

The opposite of an impervious surface is a pervious or permeable surface, which allows for water to be slowed down and absorbed into the soil. Examples of permeable surfaces include parks, lawns, gardens, and green roofs.

Why is it important to reduce impervious cover?

Sidewalks and roads are important parts of our cities, but it's important that our city doesn't become too impervious. Here are just some of the ways these kinds of impervious surfaces can affect our communities and environment:

  • Urban Heat Islands: Impervious surfaces reflect and retain more heat than green spaces. This increases temperatures in urban areas, resulting in an "urban heat island effect." Hotter temperatures lead to negative health impacts such as higher rates of heat stroke, and economic impacts such as more expensive electricity bills to keep our buildings cool.
  • Water Quality: When rain or other stormwater flows over impervious surfaces, it collects oil, chemicals, and other pollutants. These pollutants are then carried into Denver's waterways, reducing the quality of water in the South Platte River and other lakes and streams. This process is interrupted when water can first pass through soil and vegetation to filter out contaminants.
  • Flooding: Stormwater that flows over impervious surfaces often does so in high volumes and at fast speeds. This increases the likelihood and consequences of flood events, which can damage buildings, pose safety risks, and interrupt travel.
  • Strain on Drainage Systems: When it rains, runoff is typically directed to stormwater infrastructure like drains and sewer pipes. Excessive rain can overwhelm these drainage systems, especially where upgrades are needed. By preserving and expanding green spaces and other permeable areas, we can extend the capacity of our drainage system capacity, enabling the system to function better and for longer.
  • Ecosystem Health: Developing land by adding impervious cover, such as by constructing buildings or paving a road, can displace plants and animals in the natural landscape. This affects overall ecosystem health and decreases biodiversity. The heat that reflects off of impervious surfaces also makes it more challenging to grow trees, grasses, and other landscape elements, especially in Denver's dry climate.

Denver is experiencing a steady increase in impervious cover. As of 2025, 51% of Denver is impervious, and this number is projected to grow by 5% each decade. City agencies and local communities will need to act together to reverse this trend and ensure a more livable, equitable, and sustainable future for all Denverites.

This project will identify the strategies needed to achieve our goal of reducing untreated impervious cover to 30% by 2040.


PRT Framework

Strategies for addressing impervious cover will be organized into three categories through a "PRT" framework. Strategies will help to:

  1. Preserve pervious areas and remaining green spaces
  2. Reduce or remove existing impervious cover where possible, and
  3. Treat stormwater runoff where impervious surfaces cannot be reduced.
Preserve Pervious Areas, Reduce Impervious Cover, Treat Runoff graphic

Guiding Principles

The following principles will guide the effort's community outreach and engagement and inform the prioritization of strategies for addressing impervious cover. These will be refined by key agency partners and community partners: Collaboration, language access, and existing knowledge.

  • Collaboration: To successfully interrupt Denver's increasing impervious cover, community leaders and members must be champions of depaving efforts. Collaboration between the project team, city agencies, communities, experts, and others will be crucial. Problems will be acknowledged as a group and solutions will be co-created.
  • Access & Language Justice: This project will foster a sense of inclusion, belonging, and ownership among BIPOC and other marginalized communities that are disproportionately affected by impervious cover. Meaningful, culturally-responsive engagement opportunities will be available throughout the course of the project.
  • Existing Knowledge: The project will build on prior related efforts to increase efficiency and minimize engagement burnout. The inclusion of past and ongoing work related to depaving will honor the efforts of partners and community members who have already contributed time, expertise, and energy to climate resilience initiatives.

Community Outreach & Education

The project team will welcome Denverites to share their experiences, brainstorm ideas, and provide input on strategies to reduce impervious cover.

Outreach and education events will take place in a variety of Denver neighborhoods. There will also be opportunities to engage virtually using this website and other online tools. In-person events, such as public open houses and community presentations, will take place in communities that have most directly faced the harmful effects of excessive impervious cover.

Ideas, input, and stories shared by the Denver community will be documented here, so be sure to visit this webpage again soon.

Check back soon to sign up for our project newsletter!


Types of Stakeholders

Some of the types of stakeholders that will be involved in the dePave project include:

  • Denverites
  • BIPOC communities
  • Tribal communities
  • Community-based organizations (CBOs) and non-profits
  • Community resource centers
  • Registered neighborhood organizations (RNOs)
  • Businesses and employees
  • Property owners and developers
  • Environmental advocacy groups
  • City & stage agencies

Types of Activities

Goal-oriented engagement activities will take place over the course of the project to ensure the project reflects the values, visions, and experiences of Denverites. Check back throughout summer 2025 for opportunities to participate in:

  • Public Open Houses
  • Community Presentations
  • Listening Sessions
  • Art Contest & Showcase
  • Community Storytelling & Mapping
  • Mobile Tours & Site Visits
  • Pop-Up Tabling at Community & Neighborhood Events
  • Online & Printed Surveys
  • Social Media & Newsletter Update

FAQs

What is "impervious cover?"
Impervious cover is any built surface that prevents water from seeping or being absorbed into the ground. Impervious cover includes driveways, sidewalks, roofs, patios, pools, parking lots, and other areas of pavement. You might also see or hear this called impermeable.

The opposite of an impervious surface is a pervious or permeable surface, which allows for water to be slowed down and absorbed into the soil. Examples of permeable surfaces include parks, lawns, gardens, and green roofs.

Why is it important to reduce impervious cover?
Sidewalks and roads are important parts of our cities, but it's important that our city doesn't become too impervious. Here are just some of the ways these kinds of impervious surfaces can affect our communities and environment:

  • Urban Heat Islands: Impervious surfaces reflect and retain more heat than green spaces. This increases temperatures in urban areas, resulting in an "urban heat island effect." Hotter temperatures lead to negative health impacts such as higher rates of heat stroke, and economic impacts such as more expensive electricity bills to keep our buildings cool.
  • Water Quality: When rain or other stormwater flows over impervious surfaces, it collects oil, chemicals, and other pollutants. These pollutants are then carried into Denver's waterways, reducing the quality of water in the South Platte River and other lakes and streams. This process is interrupted when water can first pass through soil and vegetation to filter out contaminants.
  • Flooding: Stormwater that flows over impervious surfaces often does so in high volumes and at fast speeds. This increases the likelihood and consequences of flood events, which can damage buildings, pose safety risks, and interrupt travel.
  • Strain on Drainage Systems: When it rains, runoff is typically directed to stormwater infrastructure like drains and sewer pipes. Excessive rain can overwhelm these drainage systems, especially where upgrades are needed. By preserving and expanding green spaces and other permeable areas, we can extend the capacity of our drainage system capacity, enabling the system to function better and for longer.
  • Ecosystem Health: Developing land by adding impervious cover, such as by constructing buildings or paving a road, can displace plants and animals in the natural landscape. This affects overall ecosystem health and decreases biodiversity. The heat that reflects off of impervious surfaces also makes it more challenging to grow trees, grasses, and other landscape elements, especially in Denver's dry climate.

How long is this project?
This project will last from March to November 2025. The strategies identified through this project will be further explored and implemented in 2026 and beyond.

Who will benefit from the dePave project?
The dePave project will identify strategies that contribute to better water quality, healthier ecosystems, reduced flood risk, and reduced heat. All Denverites—as well as employees and visitors who do not live in Denver—stand to benefit from these changes. Benefits to watershed and ecosystem health may also be enjoyed at a regional level.

What kinds of strategies will be identified?
Strategies will represent a variety of possible funding programs, educational initiatives, policy changes, and technical interventions. Using the PRT framework, these ideas will be organized into three categories:

  1. Preserving pervious areas and remaining green spaces
  2. Reducing or removing existing impervious cover where possible, or
  3. Treating stormwater runoff where impervious surfaces cannot be reduced.

How will strategies be prioritized?
The project team will use an evaluation framework to prioritize strategies based on criteria that aligns with the priorities of Denver communities. An advisory steering committee made up of key agency and community partners will identify the criteria used in this evaluation framework. Criteria may include equity, actionability, benefit, cost, or ease of implementation.

Where will on-the-ground projects take place?
No specific on-the-ground projects are planned yet, but greater attention will likely be given to communities and neighborhoods with higher percentages of impervious cover.

How can I get involved?
More information about upcoming engagement channels and events will be shared soon. We're excited to hear from people all across the city!

Related Efforts

Strategies for reducing impervious cover in Denver will build on incredible work recently completed and/or still underway in our community. If you're interested in this project, you can learn more about these other efforts: